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भारत रत्न

विकिपीडिया से
भारत रत्न
Awarded by

भारत सरकार
Countryभारत
TypeNational Civilian
Ribbon
Obverseपीपर के पतई नियर आकृति पर सुरुज के चित्र जेकरा नीचे देवनागरी में "भारत रत्न" लिखल होला
Reverseभारत के राजचीन्हा आ "सत्यमेव जयते"
Statistics
Established1954
First awarded1954
Last awarded2024
Total awarded53
Precedence
Next (lower) पद्मविभूषण

भारत रत्न भारत गणतंत्र के सभसे ऊँच नागरिक सम्मान हवे जे भारत सरकार द्वारा बिना नृजाति, पेशा, पोजीशन भा लिंग के भेदभाव के ओह लोग के दिहल जाला जे लोग बहुत ऊँच क्वालिटी के परफार्मेंस/सेवा के पर्दर्शन कइले होखें। एह सम्मान के सुरुआत 1954 से भइल आ पहिली बेर ई तीन लोग के दिहल गइल: सी. राजगोपालाचारी, सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन आ सी. वी. रमन।

साल 2024 तक ले ई सम्मान कुल 53 लोगन के दिहल जा चुकल बा जेह में 18 लोग के ई मउअति के बाद दिहल गइल बा। सम्मान देवे के अनुशंसा भारत के परधानमंत्री द्वारा राष्ट्रपति के भेजल जाले आ एक साल में तीन लोग एकरा खाती नामांकित कइल जा सकत बा।

एह सम्मान में एगो मेडल दिहल जाला जे पीपर के पतई के आकृति के होला आ राष्टपति के दसखत कइल एगो सनद दिहल जाले। एह में कवनों किसिम के धन ना दिहल जाला।

List of recipients

[संपादन करीं]
Key
   + Naturalised citizen recipient
   * Non-citizen recipient
   # Posthumous recipient
List of recipients of Bharat Ratna[1]
Year Image Recipient State / Country[नोट 1] Life span Notes
1954 C. Rajagopalachari Tamil Nadu 1878–1972 Rajagopalachari was an independence activist, who served as the last Governor-General of India from 1948 to 50).[2] Earlier, he served as the first governor of West Bengal in 1947–48.[3] He was the home minister in the first Nehru cabinet succeeding Sardar Vallabhai Patel in 1950.[4] He served as the chief minister of Madras Presidency from 1937–39 and later as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu between 1952 and 1954.[5] He founded the Swatantra Party in 1959.[6]
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Tamil Nadu 1888-1975 Radhakrishnan served as the first Vice-President of India from 1952 to 1962 and as the second President of India from 1962 to 1967).[7][8] Since 1962, his birthday of 5 September is observed annually as Teachers' Day in India.[9]
C. V. Raman Tamil Nadu 1888-1970 Raman was a physicist known for his work in the field of light scattering.[10] He is known for the discovery of Raman scattering and Raman spectroscopy and was presented the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.[11]
1955 Bhagwan Das Uttar Pradesh 1869-1958 Bhagwan Das was an independence activist, theosophist and educationist. He co-founded Kashi Vidyapith and worked with Madan Mohan Malaviya to establish the Banaras Hindu University.[12][13]
M. Visvesvaraya Karnataka 1861-1962 Visvesvaraya was a civil engineer and statesman. He served as the 19th Diwan of Mysore from 1912 to 1918.[14] His birthday, 15 September, is observed annually as Engineer's Day in India.[15]
Jawaharlal Nehru Uttar Pradesh 1889-1964 Nehru was an independence activist and politician, who was the first and the longest-serving Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964.[16][17]
1957 Govind Ballabh Pant Uttar Pradesh 1887-1961 Pant was an independence activist and politician, who served as the premier of United Provinces (1937–39, 1946–50) and as the first chief minister of Uttar Pradesh from 1950 to 1954.[18] He served as Union Home Minister from 1955 to 1961.[19]
1958 Dhondo Keshav Karve Maharashtra 1858-1962 Karve was a social reformer and educator, known for his work on education for women and remarriage of Hindu widows. He established the Widow Marriage Association (1883), Hindu Widows Home (1896), and started Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University in 1916.[20]
1961 Bidhan Chandra Roy West Bengal 1882-1962 Roy was a physician, politician and educationist. He served as the second Chief Minister of West Bengal from 1948 to 1962 and is known as the "Maker of Modern West Bengal".[21] His birthday on 1 July is observed annually as the National Doctors' Day in India.[22]
Purushottam Das Tandon Uttar Pradesh 1882-1962 Tandon was an independence activist and politician, who served as the speaker of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 1937 to 1950.[23] He was actively involved in a campaign to get official language status to Hindi.[24]
1962 Rajendra Prasad Bihar 1884-1963 Prasad was an independence activist, lawyer and statesman, who was associated with Mahatma Gandhi in the Champaran Satyagraha in Bihar and non-cooperation movement.[25][26] Became the president of Constituent Assembly of India. He was later elected as the first President of India (1950–62).[7]
1963 Zakir Husain Telangana 1897-1969 Husain was an independence activist and philosopher, who served as the Vice Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University (1948–56) and the Governor of Bihar (1957–62).[27] Later, he was elected as second vice-president of India (1962–67) and went on to become the third President of India (1967–69).[7][8]
Pandurang Vaman Kane Maharashtra 1880-1972 Kane was an indologist and Sanskrit scholar, known for his five volume literary work, History of Dharmaśāstra: Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India.[28][29]
1966 Lal Bahadur Shastri Uttar Pradesh 1904-1966 Shastri was an independence activist, known for his slogan "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" ("Hail to the Soldier, hail to the Farmer").[30] He served as second Prime Minister of India (1964–66) and led the country during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.[16][31]
1971 Indira Gandhi Uttar Pradesh 1917-1984 Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India during 1966–77 and 1980–84.[16] She is known as the "Iron Lady of India", as she led India during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the concurrent Bangladesh Liberation War which led to the formation of Bangladesh.[32][33]
1975 V. V. Giri Odisha 1894-1980 Giri was an independence activist, who organized trade unions and facilitated their participation in the fight for independence. Post-independence, Giri held positions of Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Mysore state and other cabinet ministries.[34] He became the first acting president and was eventually elected as the fourth President of India, serving from 1969 to 1974.[7]<ref>{{cite book|last=Dubey|first=Scharada|author-link=Scharada Dubey|title=First among equals President of India|year=2009|publisher=Westland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ToB


संदर्भ

[संपादन करीं]
  1. ↑ List of recipients of Bharat Ratna (1954–2019) (PDF) (Report). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 जून 2022. Retrieved 13 जून 2022.
  2. ↑ Raman, Mohan V. (25 November 2013). "All's in a letter". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  3. ↑ "Profile: Chakravarti Rajagopalachari". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 10 मार्च 2016. Retrieved 12 सितंबर 2015.
  4. ↑ Ghose, Sankar (1993). Jawaharlal Nehru, a Biography: A Biography. Allied Publishers. p. 331. ISBN 978-81-702-3369-5.
  5. ↑ "Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu since 1920". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 23 April 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  6. ↑ Erdman, Howard Loyd (2008) [1967]. The Swatantra Party and Indian Conservatism. Harvard University. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-521-04980-1.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Former Presidents of India". Government of India. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Former Vice Presidents of India". Government of India. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  9. ↑ "Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan: The Philosopher President" (Press release). Press Information Bureau (PIB), Government of India. Archived from the original on 28 अगस्त 2015. Retrieved 12 सितंबर 2015.
  10. ↑ "Sir Venkata Raman Facts". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 17 सितंबर 2015. Retrieved 12 सितंबर 2015.
  11. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  12. ↑ "About Us—Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith Varanasi". Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
  13. ↑ Masih, Niha (1 जनवरी 2015). "Varanasi: The City of Bharat Ratnas". NDTV. Archived from the original on 3 अक्टूबर 2015. Retrieved 12 सितंबर 2015.
  14. ↑ "Diwans take over". The Hindu. 15 August 2002. Archived from the original on 22 June 2003.
  15. ↑ "Engineer's Day in India: celebrating M. Visvesvaraya's birthday". IBN Live. New Delhi. 15 सितंबर 2012. Archived from the original on 16 सितंबर 2015. Retrieved 12 सितंबर 2015.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Prime Ministers of India". Prime Minister's Office, Government of India. Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
  17. ↑ Guha, Ramachandra (11 जनवरी 2014). "Leave it to history: India's best and worst prime ministerse". The Telegraph. Calcutta. Archived from the original on 4 मार्च 2016. Retrieved 12 सितंबर 2015.
  18. ↑ "Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh". Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on 21 July 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
  19. ↑ "Nation pays homage to Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant on his 127th birth anniversary". Business Standard. New Delhi. 10 सितंबर 2014. Archived from the original on 5 मार्च 2016. Retrieved 12 सितंबर 2015.
  20. ↑ "Remembering Maharshi Karve, the man who set up India's first university for women". India Today. 18 April 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  21. ↑ Kalra, R.N. (3 July 2011). "A doctor par excellence". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
  22. ↑ "Premiers/Chief Ministers of West Bengal". West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  23. ↑ "Profile: Purushottam Das Tandon". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 सितंबर 2015. Retrieved 12 सितंबर 2015.
  24. ↑ Saraf, Nandini (2012). The Life and Times of Lokmanya Tilak. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 279. ISBN 978-81-8430-152-6.
  25. ↑ Weber 2004, p. 138.
  26. ↑ "Profile: Rajendra Prasad". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 9 सितंबर 2015. Retrieved 12 सितंबर 2015.
  27. ↑ Taneja 2000, p. 167.
  28. ↑ "From the Bookshelves of IGNCA: Texts on Dharmashastra wellspring of Indian code for life". Indira Gandhi National Centre of the Arts. Archived from the original on 4 मार्च 2016. Retrieved 13 सितंबर 2015.
  29. ↑ "Mumbai University Alumni". University of Mumbai. Archived from the original on 4 सितंबर 2015. Retrieved 13 सितंबर 2015.
  30. ↑ "Gallery of Prime Ministers of India" (Press release). Press Information Bureau (PIB). Archived from the original on 4 अगस्त 2015. Retrieved 13 सितंबर 2015.
  31. ↑ "Profile: Lal Bahadur Shastri". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 6 सितंबर 2015. Retrieved 13 सितंबर 2015.
  32. ↑ Thelikorala, Sulakshi (18 नवंबर 2011). "Indira Gandhi: Iron Lady of India". Asian Tribune. World Institute For Asian Studies. Archived from the original on 1 जनवरी 2016. Retrieved 13 सितंबर 2015.
  33. ↑ "Profile: Indira Gandhi". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 5 सितंबर 2015. Retrieved 13 सितंबर 2015.
  34. ↑ Mansingh, Surjit (2006). Historical Dictionary of India. Scarecrow Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-8108-6502-0. Archived from the original on 28 फरवरी 2018.


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