जमीनी पौधा

जमीनी पौधा ; Land plants; समय बिस्तार: Mid Ordovician–Recent (Spores from Dapingian (early Middle Ordovician) PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Fern leaf
बैज्ञानिक वर्गीकरण
डोमेन (Domain):	Eukaryota
किंगडम:	Archaeplastida
Subkingdom:	Viridiplantae
(बिना रैंक कइल):	Embryophyta ; Engler, 1892
Divisions
	Non-vascular land plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts; Bryophyta - mosses; Anthocerotophyta - hornworts; †Horneophytopsida; ; Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes; †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls; Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses; †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes; Pteridophyta - ferns and horsetails; Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns; Pinophyta - conifers; Cycadophyta - cycads; Ginkgophyta - ginkgo; Gnetophyta - gnetae; Magnoliophyta - flowering plants; ; ; Traditional groups: Bryophyta; Pteridophyta; Gymnospermae*; Angiospermae;
अउरी दूसर नाँव
	Cormophyta Endlicher, 1836; Phyta Barkley, 1939; Cormobionta Rothmaler, 1948; Euplanta Barkley, 1949; Telomobionta Takhtajan, 1964; Embryobionta Cronquist et al., 1966; Metaphyta Whittaker, 1969; Plantae Margulis, 1971;

जमीनी पौधा (Embryophyta - एम्ब्रायोफाइटा) पौधन के एक तो बड़ा समूह हवे। टैक्सोनॉमिक बर्गीरण में ई Viridiplantae नाँव के उपजगत मे आवेला। एह पौधन के आम भाषा में जमीनी पौधा एह वजह से कहल जाला कि ई ज्यादातर पृथ्वी के जमीनी हिस्सा पर पावल जालें।

संदर्भ

↑ Engler, A. 1892. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik: Eine Uebersicht über das ganze Pflanzensystem mit Berücksichtigung der Medicinal- und Nutzpflanzen. Berlin: Gebr. Borntraeger.
↑ Pirani, J. R.; Prado, J. (2012). "Embryopsida, a new name for the class of land plants" (PDF). Taxon. 61 (5): 1096–1098.
↑ Gray, J.; Chaloner, W.G.; Westoll, T.S. (1985), "The Microfossil Record of Early Land Plants: Advances in Understanding of Early Terrestrialization, 1970-1984 [and Discussion]", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 309 (1138): 167–195, Bibcode:1985RSPTB.309..167G, doi:10.1098/rstb.1985.0077 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)
↑ Rubinstein, C.V.; Gerrienne, P.; De La Puente, G.S.; Astini, R.A.; Steemans, P. (2010), "Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana)", New Phytologist, 188 (2): 365–9, doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03433.x, PMID 20731783 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)
↑ Barkley, Fred A. Keys to the phyla of organisms. Missoula, Montana. 1939.
↑ Rothmaler, Werner. Über das natürliche System der Organismen. Biologisches Zentralblatt. 67: 242-250. 1948.
↑ Barkley, Fred A. "Un esbozo de clasificación de los organismos." Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín. 10: 83-103, [1] Archived 2020-04-21 at the Wayback Machine.
↑ Takhtajan, A. (1964). The taxa of the higher plants above the rank of order. Taxon 13(5): 160-164, [2].
↑ Cronquist, A., Takhtajan, A. & Zimmermann, W. (1966). On the Higher Taxa of Embryobionta. Taxon, Vol. 15, No. 4 (Apr., 1966), pp. 129-134, [3].
↑ Whittaker, R. H. (1969). "New concepts of kingdoms or organisms" (PDF). Science. 163 (3863): 150–160. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150. PMID 5762760.
↑ Margulis, L (1971). "Whittaker's five kingdoms of organisms: minor revisions suggested by considerations of the origin of mitosis". Evolution. 25: 242–245. doi:10.2307/2406516.

ई बनस्पति बिज्ञान से संबंधित लेख एगो आधार बाटे। जानकारी जोड़ के एकरा के बढ़ावे में विकिपीडिया के मदद करीं।

[1] Engler, A. 1892. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik: Eine Uebersicht über das ganze Pflanzensystem mit Berücksichtigung der Medicinal- und Nutzpflanzen. Berlin: Gebr. Borntraeger.

[2] Pirani, J. R.; Prado, J. (2012). "Embryopsida, a new name for the class of land plants" (PDF). Taxon. 61 (5): 1096–1098.

[Gray1985-3] Gray, J.; Chaloner, W.G.; Westoll, T.S. (1985), "The Microfossil Record of Early Land Plants: Advances in Understanding of Early Terrestrialization, 1970-1984 [and Discussion]", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 309 (1138): 167–195, Bibcode:1985RSPTB.309..167G, doi:10.1098/rstb.1985.0077 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)

[4] Rubinstein, C.V.; Gerrienne, P.; De La Puente, G.S.; Astini, R.A.; Steemans, P. (2010), "Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana)", New Phytologist, 188 (2): 365–9, doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03433.x, PMID 20731783 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help)

[5] Barkley, Fred A. Keys to the phyla of organisms. Missoula, Montana. 1939.

[6] Rothmaler, Werner. Über das natürliche System der Organismen. Biologisches Zentralblatt. 67: 242-250. 1948.

[7] Barkley, Fred A. "Un esbozo de clasificación de los organismos." Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín. 10: 83-103, [1] Archived 2020-04-21 at the Wayback Machine.

[8] Takhtajan, A. (1964). The taxa of the higher plants above the rank of order. Taxon 13(5): 160-164, [2].

[9] Cronquist, A., Takhtajan, A. & Zimmermann, W. (1966). On the Higher Taxa of Embryobionta. Taxon, Vol. 15, No. 4 (Apr., 1966), pp. 129-134, [3].

[10] Whittaker, R. H. (1969). "New concepts of kingdoms or organisms" (PDF). Science. 163 (3863): 150–160. Bibcode:1969Sci...163..150W. doi:10.1126/science.163.3863.150. PMID 5762760.

[11] Margulis, L (1971). "Whittaker's five kingdoms of organisms: minor revisions suggested by considerations of the origin of mitosis". Evolution. 25: 242–245. doi:10.2307/2406516.

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