सफेद गिद्ध

सफेद गिद्ध
Adult N. p. ginginianus
संरक्षण स्थिति
खतरा में (आइ॰यू॰सी॰एन॰ ३.१)
बैज्ञानिक वर्गीकरण
किंगडम:	Animalia
फाइलम:	Chordata
क्लास:	Aves
ऑर्डर (Order):	Accipitriformes
परिवार:	Accipitridae
जाति (Genus):	Neophron Savigny, 1809
प्रजाति:	N. percnopterus
दूपद नाँव
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus, 1758)
तीनों उप-प्रजाति के निवास क्षेत्र के नक्शा

सफेद गिद्ध भा मिस्रदेसी गिद्ध (अंगरेजी: Egyptian vulture, इजिप्शियन वल्चर; बैज्ञानिक नाँव: Neophron percnopterus) चिरइन के गिद्ध समूह के एगो प्रजाति बाटे। ई पुरानी दुनिया के गिद्ध हवे आ जीनस नियोफ्रौन (Neophron) के एकलौता सदस्य बा। एकर निवास के इलाका बहुत ब्यापक बाटे आ पच्छिमी यूरोप आ उत्तरी अफ्रीका से भारत ले फइलल बाटे।

सफेद गिद्ध मुख्य रूप से लाश के माँस खाला बाकी मौका मिलले पर ई छोट-छोट स्तनधारी, छोट चिरई, रेप्टाइल इत्यादि के शिकार भी करे ला। दूसर चिरई सब के अंडा भी खा लेला, बड़ा होखला पर ओकरा के पत्थर पर पटक-पटक तूर देला। चिरई सभ के द्वारा औजार के अइसन उपयोग एगो दुर्लभ चीज बाटे। आपन खतोना बनावे के समय ऊन नियर चीज के लपेट के एकट्ठा करे खातिर ई लकड़ी के छोट डंडी सभ के औजार के रूप में इस्तेमाल करे ला।

समशीतोष्ण इलाका में रहे वाला सदस्य जाड़ा के मौसम में दक्खिन के ओर प्रवास करे लें जबकि उष्णकटिबंधीय आबादी अपने जगह पर स्थाई रहेले। एह प्रजाति के आबादी में 20 वीं सदी में काफी गिरावट आइल बाटे आ एकर मुख्य कारण शिकार, आकस्मिक विषाक्तता, आ बिजली लाइन के साथ टकराव बाटे जौना सभ से एह गिद्धन के खतरा होला।

रूपरंग

एगो सफेद गिद्ध के क्लोज-अप, चिड़ियाघर में

एह प्रजाति के वयस्क सदस्यन के पाँख के रंग सफेद होला आ करिया रंग के उड़ान पंख होलें। जंगली सदस्य सभ में आमतौर पर सफेद पाँख के रंग मुर्चाइल लोहा के रंग के या भूअर रंग के छाया लिहले, कीचड़-कनई के रंग के होला जवना के कारण लौह युक्त मिट्टी से लागल गंदगी के बतावल जाल। चित्र में देखावल सदस्य चिड़ियाघर से बा एही से ई एकदम सफेद बा। ठोर पतला आ लंबा बाटे आ ऊपरी जबड़ा के नोक मोड़दार बा। नथुना, एगो पट दरार के रूप में बाटे। गर्दन के पंख भी लमहर होलें। उड़ान पाँख नोकदार होलें आ इनहन में तीसरा ग्रुप सबसे लमहर होला; पोंछ पाचर के आकार के होले। वयस्क के पैर गुलाबी आ लरिकाईं में पैर माटी के रंग के होला। पंजा लमहर आ सीधा होलें, तीसरी आ चउथी अँगुरी अपने आधार के लग्गे कुछ झिल्लीदार होले।

चोंच के रंग अधिकतर प्रजाति में करिया होला जबकि भारतीय उप-प्रजाति (ginginianus) के वयस्क सदस्यन में पीयर रंग के होला। रासमुसेन आ एंडर्टन (2005) सुझाव देदेल बाटें की उप-प्रजाति के बर्गीकरण खातिर एह लच्छन के अउरी अध्ययन के जरूरत बाटे। आमतौर पर नर आ मादा में अंतर कइल मुश्किल होला, हालाँकि, नर अपने मिलन काल में कुछ गहिरा नारंगी चेहरा वाला होलें। मादा के आकार औसतन कुछ बड़ा होला आ ई नर के तुलना में 10-15% भारी होली। लरिकाईं में ई करिया आ चॉकलेट रंग के होलें आ सफेद धब्बा वाला होलें, जबकि वयस्क के रंग कम से कम पाँच बरिस के उमिर के बाद हासिल होला।

वयस्क सफेद गिद्ध के पोंछ के पाँख के नोक से ठोर के नोक तक के लंबाई 47-65 सेंटीमीटर (19-26 इंच) नापल गइल बाटे। तुलना में कुछ छोट आकार के N. P. ginginianus उप-प्रजाति के नर के आकार 47-52 सेंटीमीटर (19-20 इंच) आ मादा के आकार 52-55.5  सेंटीमीटर (20.5-21.9 इंच) के होला।पाँख के फइलाव शरीर के कुल लंबाई के लगभग 2.7 गुना ले होला। स्पेन में एह चिरई के वजन 1.9  किलोग्राम(4.2 पौंड) आ कैनरी द्वीप में पावल जाए वाली उप प्रजाति (majorensis gigantism) 2.4 किलोग्राम (5.3 पौंड) के भार वाली बतावल गइल बाटे।

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बाहरी कड़ी

• BTO BirdFacts – Egyptian Vulture
• Egyptian Vulture species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.
• Egyptian Vulture – Global Raptor Information Network
• A photo story on how the Egyptian Vulture can crack an Ostrich egg
• Ageing and sexing (PDF; 5.6 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
• सफेद गिद्ध videos, photos, and sounds at the Internet Bird Collection
• सफेद गिद्ध photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)