स्कॉटलैंड

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स्कॉटलैंड

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मोटो: "In My Defens God Me Defend" (Scots)
"In my defence God me defend"a
राष्ट्रगान: Variousb
Predominantly "en:Flower of Scotland"
 स्कॉटलैंड के लोकेशन (dark green) – यूरोप (green & dark grey) में – the United Kingdom (green) में
 स्कॉटलैंड के लोकेशन (dark green)

– यूरोप (green & dark grey) में
– the United Kingdom (green) में

इस्टेटस
राजधानीएडिनबर्ग
सभसे बड़ शहरग्लासगो
55°51′N 4°16′W / 55.850°N 4.267°W / 55.850; -4.267
Languagesअंग्रेजी
पहिचानल
भाषाc
एथनिक ग्रुप
(2011)
  • 96.0% White
  • 2.7% Asian
  • 0.7% Black
  • 0.4% Mixed
  • 0.2% Arab
  • 0.1% other[5]
लोग कहाला
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
सरकारDevolved संसदीय बिधायिका, संबैधानिक
राजशाही
e
• Monarch
एलिजाबेथ II
en:Nicola Sturgeon
British Government
en:David Mundell
बिधायिकाen:Scottish Parliament
निर्माण
9th century (traditionally 843)
1 मई 1707
19 November 1998
• 
{{{established_date5}}}
रकबा
• जमीनी
77,933 किमी2 (30,090 वर्ग मील)[6]
जनसंख्या
• 2014 अनुमान
5,347,600[7]
• 2011 जनगणना
5,313,600[8]
• Density
67.5/किमी2 (174.8/वर्ग मील)
जीडीपी (नॉमिनल)2013 अनुमान
• कुल
$245.267 बिलियन[9]
(including revenues from
North Sea oil and gas)
• Per capita
$45,904
करेंसीPound sterling (GBP)
टाइम जोनGMT (यूटीसी​)
• गर्मीं में (डीएसटी)
BST (यूटीसी+1)
तारीख प्रारूपdd/mm/yyyy (AD)
ड्राइविंगleft
कालिंग कोड+44
Patron saints
इंटरनेट टीएलडी.scotf
वेबसाइट
www.scotland.org
  1. Often shown abbreviated as "In Defens".
  2. en:Flower of Scotland, en:Scotland the Brave and en:Scots Wha Hae have been used in lieu of an official anthem (see en:National anthem of Scotland).
  3. Both Scots and Scottish Gaelic are officially recognised as en:regional languages under the en:European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.[10] Under the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005, the Bòrd na Gàidhlig is tasked with securing Gaelic as an official language of Scotland that commands "equal respect" with English.[11] British Sign Language is also officially recognised in Scotland under the en:British Sign Language (Scotland) Act 2015.[12]
  4. Historically, the use of "Scotch" as an adjective comparable to "Scottish" or "Scots" was commonplace, particularly outside Scotland. Today, however, the term is used to describe products of Scotland (usually food or drink-related).
  5. The head of state of the United Kingdom is the monarch (currently Queen Elizabeth II, since 1952). Scotland has limited self-government within the United Kingdom as well as representation in the UK Parliament. It is also a UK electoral region for the en:European Parliament. Certain executive and legislative powers have been devolved to, respectively, the en:Scottish Government and the en:Scottish Parliament at Holyrood in Edinburgh.
  6. .scot is not a ccTLD, but a gTLD, open to use by all people in Scotland and related to Scotland. .uk and .eu, as part of the en:United Kingdom and en:European Union, are also used. en:ISO 3166-1 is GB, but .gb is unused.

स्कॉटलैंड (अंग्रेजी: Scotland) एगो देस बा जवन यूनाइटेड किंगडम के हिस्सा बा आ एकरे मुख्य दीप ग्रेट ब्रिटेन के उत्तरी हिस्सा कभर करे ला।[13][14][15] एकर सीमा, दक्खिन ओर इंग्लैण्ड के साथ बा, बाकी ई पुरा अटलांटिक महासागर से घेराइल बाते, पुरुब ओर नॉर्थ सागरनॉर्थ चैनलआयरिश सागर दक्खिन-पच्छिम में। मेन जमीनी हिस्सा के आलावा एह देस में करीब 790 गो दीप बाड़ें,[16] जवना में नॉर्दर्न दीपहेब्राइड्स प्रमुख बाड़ें।

एडिनबर्ग, देस के राजधानी आ दूसरा सभसे बड़हन शहर, अठारहवीं सदी में स्कॉटिश पुनर्जागरण के धुरी रहल जौना से कामर्स, बिद्या, आ उद्योग के क्षेत्र में स्कॉटलैंड यूरोप के एक ठो पावरहाउस बन गइल। ग्लासगो, स्कॉटलैंड के सभसे बड़हन शहर,[17] दुनिया के एगो बहुत प्रमुख उद्योगी नगर रहि चुकल बा, वर्तमान में ई ग्रेटर ग्लासगो कोनर्बेशन के सेंटर मे बा। स्कॉटलैंड के पानी के हिस्सा में उत्तरी अटलांटिक आ नॉर्थ सागर के काफ़ी हिस्सा आवेला[18] जहाँ भारी मात्रा में तेल भंडार बाटे। एही से स्कॉटलैंड के तीसरा सभसे बड़हन शहर, एबरडीन, यूरोप के पेट्रोलियम राजधानी कहल जाला।[19]

संदर्भ[संपादन करीं]

  1. "St Andrew—Quick Facts". Scotland. org—The Official Online Gateway. Archived from the original on 11 November 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
  2. "St Andrew". Catholic Online. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  3. "St Margaret of Scotland". Catholic Online. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
    "Patron saints". Catholic Online. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  4. "St Columba". Catholic Online. Retrieved 15 November 2011.
  5. "Ethnic groups, Scotland, 2001 and 2011" (PDF). The Scottish Government. 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
  6. Region and Country Profiles, Key Statistics and Profiles, अक्टूबर 2013, ONS. Retrieved 9 अगस्त 2015.
  7. "Scotland's Population at its Highest Ever". National Records of Scotland. 30 अप्रैल 2015. Retrieved 12 फरवरी 2015.
  8. "Population estimates by sex, age and administrative area, Scotland, 2011 and 2012". National Records of Scotland. 8 अगस्त 2013. Retrieved 8 अगस्त 2013.
  9. Scottish Government. "Key Economy Statistics". Retrieved 22 अगस्त 2014.
  10. "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages". Scottish Government. Retrieved 23 अक्टूबर 2011.[मुर्दा कड़ी]
  11. Macleod, Angus "Gaelic given official status" (22 अप्रैल 2005) en:The Times. London. Retrieved 2 अगस्त 2007.
  12. "Scotland becomes first part of UK to recognise signing for deaf as official language". Herald Scotland. 2015. Retrieved 17 जनवरी 2016.
  13. "The Countries of the UK". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 24 जून 2012.
  14. "Countries within a country". 10 Downing Street. Archived from the original on 16 अप्रैल 2010. Retrieved 24 अगस्त 2008. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland
  15. "ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Date: 28 November 2007 No I-9. "Changes in the list of subdivision names and code elements" (Page 11)" (PDF). International Organization for Standardization codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 2: Country subdivision codes. Retrieved 31 मई 2008. SCT Scotland country
  16. "Scottish Executive Resources" (PDF). Scotland in Short. Scottish Executive. 17 फरवरी 2007. Retrieved 14 September 2006.
  17. "A quick guide to glasgow". Glasgow City Centre. Archived from the original on 2014-12-03. Retrieved 20 जून 2012.
  18. The Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order. London: The Stationery Office Limited. 1999. ISBN 0-11-059052-X. Retrieved 20 September 2007.
  19. "Our City". Aberdeen City Council. Archived from the original on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2009. Aberdeen's buoyant modern economy – is fuelled by the oil industry, earning the city its epithet as 'Oil Capital of Europe'

अउरी पढ़े खातिर[संपादन करीं]

  • Devine, T. M. [1999] (2000). The Scottish Nation 1700–2000 (New Ed. edition). London:Penguin. ISBN 0-14-023004-1
  • Donnachie, Ian and George Hewitt. Dictionary of Scottish History. (2001). 384 pp.
  • Keay, John, and Julia Keay. Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland (2nd ed. 2001), 1101pp; 4000 articles; emphasis on history
  • Koch, J. T. Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia (ABC-CLIO, 2006), ISBN 1-85109-440-7, 999pp
  • Tabraham, Chris, and Colin Baxter. The Illustrated History of Scotland (2004) excerpt and text search
  • Trevor-Roper, Hugh, The Invention of Scotland: Myth and History, Yale, 2008, ISBN 0-300-13686-2
  • Watson, Fiona, Scotland; From Prehistory to the Present. Tempus, 2003. 286 pp.
  • Wilson, Neil. Lonely Planet Scotland (2013) excerpt and text search
  • Wormald, Jenny, The New History of Scotland (2005) excerpt and text search

स्पेशलाइज मोनोग्राफ[संपादन करीं]

  • Brown, Dauvit, (1999) Anglo-French acculturation and the Irish element in Scottish Identity in Smith, Brendan (ed.), Insular Responses to Medieval European Change, Cambridge University Press, pp. 135–53
  • Brown, Michael (2004) The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371, Edinburgh University Press., pp. 157–254
  • Dumville, David N. (2001). "St Cathróe of Metz and the Hagiography of Exoticism". Irish Hagiography: Saints and Scholars. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 172–176. ISBN 978-1-85182-486-1.
  • Flom, George Tobias. Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch. A Contribution to the Study of the Linguistic Relations of English and Scandinavian (Columbia University Press, New York. 1900)
  • Herbert, Maire (2000). "Rí Érenn, Rí Alban, kingship and identity in the ninth and tenth centuries". In Simon Taylor (ed.) (ed.). Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland, 500–1297. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 63–72. ISBN 1-85182-516-9. {{cite book}}: |editor= has generic name (help)
  • MacLeod, Wilson (2004) Divided Gaels: Gaelic Cultural Identities in Scotland and Ireland: c.1200–1650. Oxford University Press.
  • Pope, Robert (ed.), Religion and National Identity: Wales and Scotland, c.1700–2000 (University of Wales Press, 2001)
  • Sharp, L. W. The Expansion of the English Language in Scotland, (Cambridge University PhD thesis, 1927), pp. 102–325;

बाहरी कड़ी[संपादन करीं]